Reliability of Standardized Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reliability of Standardized Testing - Essay Example If we take into account the basic ideology of standardized testing, it deals with providing information about performance of individual students and also provides an evaluation of the program. In short, we can say that standardized testing makes not only teachers accountable for the poor performance of the students, but also holds the administration equally accountable for the result as well. This is quite pertinent, because the administration is responsible for providing the teachers the basic facilities in order to carry out their jobs, hence the teachers cannot be made scapegoats under this system. Hence this system does have reliability in the sense that every body involved in the education system is accountable to some extent. The reliability of standardized testing has been put under the scanner several times in the past, in fact, as early as in the summer of 1977, at the National Consortium on testing. In this consortium it was decided to "promote a wider understanding of standardized testing among educators, legislators and public at large" (p.2). At that point itself, there was a lot of criticism from a segment of educators and administrators who felt that there had to be changes made in the system. According to Monroe (1924), the standardized tests provided "scientific" and "standard units" (p.7) for measuring the achievements of a student. These arguments are totally valid and indicate the reliability of standardized testing. However, considering there have been enormous changes in the education system, since these comments were made. If we take the current scenario into question, we have to address a host of issues in order to answer this question. There have been a number of testing methodologies that have emerged since then, and in the current scenario, we have to take these into consideration while evaluating the reliability of standardized testing. One of the strongest proponents of standardized testing was Atkinson (2001), who had argued that for use of only standardized tests in admission process in U.S Universities, as he believed that they were quite reliable and provided were fair. He was right in the sense that standardized tests not only provide comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the student, but also strengthen the basic foundation and principles involved in teaching. There are may be varying opinions over standardized testing, but there is no doubt that standardized testing is quite effective efficient. The reliability has often been questioned partly due to the efficiency and effectiveness of this methodology. As mentioned before standardized testing not only evaluates the performance of student, but also tests the efficacy of the teachers, administration and the school itself. In this way everybody involved in the system is accountable and that raises doubts that people involved may get desperate and adopt illegal mechanisms, so that they are not held accountable and this is the reason why the reliability of standardized testing has been questioned. However, the opponents of standardized education system believe that the problem with accountability is that it could cause a cascading effect; in the sense that the teachers may be influenced to design the

Interpretation of diagrams Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interpretation of diagrams - Assignment Example t indicates that many patients receiving home medical care may not be in a position to access the services of the national government vaccine program. This knowledge may be applied to device ways that will ensure that patients receiving medical home care are provided with the vaccination services. Diagram 2A indicates a scenario whereby; the provision vaccine services through the current program does not have any significant effect in regard to the increase or decrease of death rates. On the other hand, the probability of increasing the national vaccine services under the government structure leads to a significant reduction in the average number of death in the country and vice versa. This information is important to policy makers in the sense that it facilitates them to device ways that can be applied to increase the probability of undertaking vaccine program under the government’s program. In addition, the policy makers may also use this data to determine the reasons why the current program is not effective with regard to the reduction of death rates among the

Has Music of the 1950s Shaped Todays Music?

Has Music of the 1950s Shaped Todays Music? Background Questions Has music of the 1950s shaped todays music? Navjot Who influenced the music in the 1950s? Zainab Was there a particular style of music in the 1950s? Navjot Rock n Roll: African Americans migrated into the north urban cities for jobs, bringing along their unique form of music. Working with American people and being close to them allowed their music to be overlapped which caused the birth of Rock and Roll. Rock and Roll is a combination of Rhythm and Blues. Traditional pop:A mixture of original songs, and hits that were previously made famous by another artist but were recorded to their own version. Pop music in the 1950s has been referred to music that was known before the creation of Rock n Roll, pop music was not in any way similar to Rock n Roll. Country: Country music was a blend of Rock music, swing, boogie, and humour country music told real tales that people could relate to such as love, and events in life. Rhythm and blues: Was a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel, and blues influences. Rhythm and Blues was held responsible by the older generation for encouraging uprising among the youth, who happened to be the dominant audience Who made music in the 1950s? Johnny Cash (Country) Elvis Presely (Rock n roll) Little Richard (RB) Pat Boone (Traditional Pop) Analysis How did music in the 1950s impact conflicts that were occurring during that time period? Following the conclusion of the second world war, music acted as a method of representation to express the ethnic conflicts arising through the development of the civil rights movement. Opinion #1: During this time, Rock n Roll and RB music created somewhat of a foundation for black music However, it was also a period that displayed the success and loss of African-American music production This is where racism in the states can be identified-discrimination at its finest The whites claiming blacks music as their own Opinion #2: Rock n Roll and Rhythm and Blues brought the whites and black together; encouraged civil rights movement How has music changed since the 1950s until now? How do they contrast (differences and similarities) Since the 1950s music has changed largely due to many reasons. technology has developed overtime resulting in auto tune being overused by popular artists of this generation, back them music most like had a story now all music has the same concept or meaning its not unique. Also, the genres of music that are now popular have changed, rap music have advanced massively in popularity.Many bands of the past wrote music that had depth to it: the lyrics were meaningful, they wrote their own music, they played multiple instruments, they didnt use auto tune or synthesizers, making their music unique. Today theres so much technology and advancement that not much music is unique. How did global issues influence the meaning behind music in the 1950s? Why was there particular styles of music in the 1950s? Were they due to a lack of advanced technology and available resources? Technology had a huge impact on the music industry typically in positive ways. Technology allows music to be distributed all over the world at the touch of a button which allows the artist to quickly spread their music. Sampling is another digital technology that has had a tremendous impact on music and being able to perfect everything before being released. Artists nowadays are available for popular and valuable instruments like electric guitars, improved microphones, mastering equipment which provides the audience with crystal clean sound and a greater experience with high quality both in concerts and recording.[1] References: http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/50smusic.html References: http://www.ushistory.org/us/53d.asp http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-50s-19900419 http://fiftiesweb.com/music/1950-1954-music/ [1]change question(cant find info) how technology has changed music over time

Circuit Analysis Using Kirchoffs Voltage Law, Kirchoffs Current Law,

Have you ever wondered how or what makes an electric circuit function? A fact that many people don't realize is that almost every electric circuit can be analyzed with three very important laws. Those laws are Kirchoff's Current Law, Kirchoff's Voltage Law, and Ohm's Law. With some practice and the above stated laws in your tool bag, you can feel assured that you too can analyze electric circuits with the best of them. However, before we get into the nitty-gritty of defining and using these laws, I recommend that you first connect to the links that offer a little historical information about the two men that defined these fundamental laws for electric circuit analysis. Gustav Robert Kirchoff was a German physicist born on March 12, 1824, in Konigsber, Prussia. Gustav Kirchoff's first research topic was on the conduction of electricity. As a result of this research, Kirchoff wrote the Laws of Closed Electric Circuits in 1845. These laws were eventually named after their author, which are now known as Kirchoff's Current and Voltage Laws. Because Kirchoff's Voltage and Current laws apply to all electric circuits, a firm understanding of these fundamental laws is paramount in the understanding of how an electronic circuit functions. Although these laws have immortalized Kirchoff in the field of Electrical Engineering, Kirchoff also had additional discoveries. Gustav Kirchoff was the first person to verify that an electrical impulse traveled at the speed of light. Furthermore, Kirchoff made major contributions in the study of spectroscopy and he advanced the research into blackbody radiation. Gustav Robert Kirchoff died in Berlin in October 17, 1887. Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist born in Erlangen, Bavaria, on March 16, ... ...t is directly proportional to its applied voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance. In equation form, Ohm's law states V = I*R where V is the applied voltage, R is the resistance in Ohms, I is the current in amperes. Ohm's law demonstrates that if the applied voltage across a circuit is increased or decreased, the current generated in the circuit increases and decreases, respectively. Furthermore, as the resistance in a circuit increases, the current generated in the circuit decreases. The following are algebraic variations of Ohm's law that demonstrate theses observations. I = V / R R = V / I Using one of the three algebraic variations of Ohm's law, and any two known variables, one can solve for the other unknown quantity.

Basic Bookkeeping Essay

Assessment 1. Written Assessment 1. Give an example of daily financial records that you could have to maintain? Update your accounts receivable and accounts payable daily on your accounting computer using the software provided or modifies to suit the organisational particular needs. 2. What are the requirements regarding identifying and rectifying errors in documentation? – Using the right accounting method: cash and accrual – Using professional bookkeeping method: hiring specialist, qualified accountant or bookkeeper. – Separate personal and business finances – Ensuring employee and other categories are recorded accurately†¨ – Perform basic account reconciliation. – Implement adequate internal controls – Save receipts for small purchases – Know the difference between profit and cash flow – Rely also on a paper environment – Honour your cheques and GST 3. How can you ensure that credit and debit transactions are accurately recorded, in accordance with organisational requirements? The use of computer software. The system will automatically record entries behind the scenes. Consider each transaction as amount that will either increase or decrease specific accounts, i.e. your bank, revenue as the Chart of Accounts. 4. What are the requirements regarding the maintenance of transactions in a general ledger? The process is to record each journal entry into the general ledger. A general ledger holds four types of accounts: assets, liabilities, income, expenses and references equity. Income and expenses are actually types of asset and liability accounts. There are only two types of accounts managed by a General Ledger: – Accounts that tell you how much you are owed – Accounts that tell you how much you owe 5. What are the requirements regarding the posting of transactions into the general ledger? – Commencing business entries – Correction of posting errors – Interest expense – Interest receivable; non-cash transactions – Purchase of a fixed asset on credit – Sale of a fixed asset on credit - Withdrawal of stock/assets by owner – Write-off a bad debt 6. What is the process for reconciling systems for accounts payable and receivable in the general ledger? – Checking accuracy or creditor account balances (e.g. cash payments journal, purchases journal, purchases returns journal, general journal)†¨ – Checking accuracy of debtor account balances (e.g. cash receipts journal, sales return journal, general journal) – Checking cash payments and receipt journals against bank statement – Checking the total of the creditors schedule equals the balance of the creditors control account. – Checking the total of the debtors schedule equals the balance of the debtors control account 7. Financial Reporting has two methods of accounting. What are they? †¨ – Cash – Accrual 8. Explain the two methods and give examples of which reporting method can be used by what size organisation? Cash Accounting: This is the simpler method because it is based on the actual flow of cash in and out of a business. The cash method is used primarily by sole proprieties and business with no inventory. Accrual Accounting: This records income and expenses as they occur, whether cash has actually changed hands or not. Most small business should switch to accrual  accounting, because this makes it easier to accurately match revenue to expenses.

Essay on Art and the Bible - 1429 Words

Art and the Bible Art and the Bible is an interesting approach at looking at art in all of its forms. It also answers the question what is the place of art in the Christian life? Along with the question it tries to put a general perspective on art. The different types of art that are mentioned are writing, painting, poetry, drama and music. The question is answered by looking in the Bible and finding specific example regarding art in all of its forms. The general perspectives on art are looked at in eleven points. I will also critique this book and give my personal opinion. The first thing made clear in Art and the Bible is the Lordship of Christ regarding man. The Bible makes four things very clear: God made the whole man; in†¦show more content†¦While Moses was on Sinai, God gave him specific instructions regarding the building of the tabernacle. And in these instructions God clearly asked for beauty to be present in the tabernacle. God commanded that art be constructed, not only in the Ta bernacle but also in the Temple. There was no utilitarian purpose for some of the art in the Tabernacle and in the Temple, it is just that God is very interested in beauty. Also, God didn’t say that the art had to be photogenic, God commanded that there be blue, purple, and scarlet pomegranates adorning the skirts of the priest. Purple and scarlet are natural colors of a pomegranate but blue is not. In other words art can be free, it is not constricted to actuality in nature. There are many other instances in which God commanded art in the Temple and in the Tabernacle. The art that has been discussed so far has all had to do with God, but there is also secular art, and that does not mean that it is wrong. There is secular art in the Bible, in 1 Kings 10 Solomon’s throne is described. His throne is adorned with ivory and the finest gold, and with a total of 14 lions, as statues or real lions. This must have been a magnificent piece of secular art. For even more uses of art look at the â€Å"serpent of brass.† God used this piece of art in a very symbolic way. While the Israelites were wandering in the desert they started to complain and God sent fiery serpents among the people and many of them died.Show MoreRelatedPicturing The Bible By Spier J. Art Museum, Fort Worth1007 Words   |  5 Pages Picturing the Bible, by Spier J. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, 2007. 288 pages. Reviewed by June Cuffner. Picturing the bible explores the tradition of Christian art throughout the third century A.D. Christianity slowly emerged becoming the religion of the Roman Empire. This book is based on Christianity and how the religion was viewed through images. The text has an ere of concepts that ties in the concepts of Christians to the beginning of the start of Christianity. 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Operations Management - 5696 Words

Running Head: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PROJECT Operations Management Project Ashwin Nandakumar, Mishel Chakkalakal,, Mithun Chacko and Shalwin D’souza Prof. Dr. Kaup Mohammed Operations Management Madonna University March 2011 Table of Content Pret A Manger – by Mithun Chacko 3 Acme Whistles vs. Pret A Manger – by Mithun Chacko 5 Touchwood Subway Vs. IKEA Pret A Manger – by Shalwin D’souza 6 Chilis McDonald’s Baskin Robbins – by Mishel Chakkalakal 9 McDonald’s Newspaper Review – by Ashwin Nandakumar 13 Pret A Manger – by Mithun Chacko 1) Read the short case on Pret A Manger and (a) identify the process in a typical Pret A Manger Shop together with their inputs and outputs, (b) Pret A Manger also supplies†¦show more content†¦They have to replenish their stocks as and when they get over. Hence operating costs are thus further reduced. Pret A Manger has to employee more employees with specialized skill sets like chefs, etc, as they have to distribute man power equally to all their kitchens within their outlets. Acme Whistles has to employee less special skill set employees as no special skill set is required to create whistles. As production is centralized employees are only required to satisfy the work load at that factory. Use of modern technology and automated machines further reduces the required work force. Thus, production cost and labor cost are considerably low for Acme Whistles when compared to Pret A Manger. By Mithun Chacko Touchwood Subway Vs. IKEA Pret A Manger – by Shalwin D’souza Q3. Visit a furniture store (other than IKEA) and a sandwich or snack shop (other than Pret A Manger). Observe how each shop operations, for example, where customers go, how staff interact with them, how big it is, how the shop has chosen to use its space, what variety of products it offers and so on. Talk with the staff and managers if you can. Think about how the shops you have visited are similar to IKEA and Pret A Manger, and how they differ. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As per the requirement of this project, I visited a furniture shop called Touchwood Interior Dà ©cor Show MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. 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NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. 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