Determining Cognitive Functioning of Individual

Deciding Cognitive Functioning of Individual Sequential appraisal in neuropsychology is important to make derivations with respect to an individual’s level of working, for example to decide if there has been ‘real’ improvement or decay, outside of estimation mistake, typical variety and clinically irrelevant change [1]. Various psychometric strategies have been created so as to decipher changes in test scores over rehashed events of appraisal. The related issues and procedures that are associated with outlining watched scores into their subcomponents of estimation mistake and genuine scores are mind boggling and dangerous [1]. Procuring information and comprehension of issues relating to estimation blunder, for example, the standard mistake of estimation (SEM,) is urgent to exact translation of neuropsychological test outcomes and change scores. The SEM alludes to the all out blunder difference of a lot of acquired scores, where the got scores are an impartial gauge of an individual’s genuine score [2]. It is the standard deviation (SD) of an individual’s test scores had the predefined test been attempted on different occasions, and is determined by duplicating the benchmark SD of a measure by the square foundation of one less the unwavering quality coefficient of the measure [3]. The SEM is conversely identified with a test’s unwavering quality, to such an extent that bigger SEMs reflect less dependable tests, and subsequently signify lessened exactness with the measure taken and the scores got [1]. This prompts more prominent inconstancy inside a test battery and along these lines an y translation of results in such a case ought to be embraced with an impressive level of alert [4]. SEMs are helpful in forestalling the outlandish connection of noteworthy significance to between-score contrasts. That is, SEMs and their relating certainty stretches may cover, demonstrating that a portion of the watched score contrast may really be owing to mistake in estimation [1]. In any case, while the SEM is helpful for evaluating the level of estimation blunder, it's anything but a reasonable prescient measure as it depends on a dissemination that presumes genuine score information, which will consistently be obscure as tests don't have flawless unwavering quality. Thusly, using the standard blunder of gauge (SEE) for such purposes might be the more proper strategy [2]. The SEE is a strategy which uses a relapse based methodology and measures the scattering of anticipated scores [5]. The SEE mirrors the SD of genuine scores when the watched score is held steady, and is the measurement from which certainty stretches ought to be built [2]. The development of certainty stretches is firmly identified with a test’s unwavering quality. Increasingly dependable tests, as far as interior consistency, speak to homogeneity inside the test itself. In this way, the related certainty spans will include an increasingly limited scope of scores, with the subsequent gauge being progressively exact [2]. It is consequently important to consider a test’s unwavering quality coefficient, as underneath a specific point, the utility of a test is undermined [2]. Besides, as the unwavering quality of a test is the single biggest factor in deciding the level of progress expected to happen after some time from which the watched contrast can be regarded to reflect genuine change, utilizing tests with high dependability coefficients is of vital significance [6]. The thought of estimation blunder in neuropsychological test outcomes may likewise fuse the evaluation of watched score contrasts as far as clinical criticalness. Clinically huge change can be deciphered based on whether an individual’s change in test execution more than two events reflects adequate improvement, so the individual has moved arrangement classifications, for instance from ‘impaired’ to ‘normal’ [6]. In this way, if a change is to be considered clinically critical, the tests being utilized to survey watched score contrasts should be dependable. In any case, deciphering clinically huge change may likewise be hazardous. While there might be an extensive watched change in test scores starting with one estimation event then onto the next, if the beginning stage is at the extraordinary low finish of a class, and the end point is at the outrageous high finish of a class, at that point an individual’s arrangement won't change and clinically noteworthy improvement won't be esteemed to have happened [6]. This is a tricky translation as these progressions may well have had significant utilitarian ramifications for the person that experienced evaluation, and consequently it is critical to utilize reasonable clinical judgment [6]. Alert likewise should be applied to the translation of factually dependable change, to dodge the suggestion that it speaks to genuine change. As a general rule, the watched change may rather reflect estimation blunder [6]. Factually important contrasts may likewise be a typical event inside a specific populace [7], however these are not really clinically critical contrasts. While neuropsychological test understanding must consider, in addition to other things, base paces of anticipated contrasts and variations from the norm, the quantity of measures in a battery should likewise be considered, as anomalous execution on an extent of subtests inside a battery ought to be viewed as psychometrically typical [4]. Various strategies for count of solid change have been proposed, embraced and further adjusted. These strategies are normally given the assignment of Reliable Change Index (RCI), and are utilized to evaluate the impact of mistake fluctuation on test score precision [6]. The estimation of the RCI is utilized to demonstrate the likelihood of the contrast between two watched scores being the aftereffect of estimation mistake, and in this way if the subsequent likelihood is low, the thing that matters is likely because of variables outside to the test itself [1]. The thought of dependable change began in traditional test hypothesis, with the standard mistake of the distinction utilized as the measure for deciding if a watched contrast is trustworthy under the invalid theory of no genuine change [8]. In any case, the first, unmodified old style approach expect that there are no training impacts. Certain ensuing varieties of this methodology have intended to represent practice impacts, in one of two different ways. Either by a straightforward adjustment of the Jacobson and Truax approach (a generally utilized, improved variant of the old style approach, called the JT file), or by means of estimation of genuine change by utilizing a relapse condition, with the last technique being the supported option in this setting [8]. This relapse based methodology doesn't require the grades at every one of the time focuses to have equivalent difference, and along these lines practice impacts can happen [6]. There are many further ways to deal with count of RCIs, with no genuine accord about which strategy is unrivaled and ought to speak to the ‘gold standard’ approach [8]. Moreover, while RCI techniques do have various favorable highlights, there are as yet intrinsic constraints when considering elements, for example, genuine change that remaining parts undetected in the event that it falls underneath the RCI edge [6]. Moreover, while dependable change strategy balanced for training impacts can possibly decrease estimation mistake and improve clinical judgment, it uses a steady worth the gathering mean †thus doesn't consider the full scope of conceivable practice impacts, nor does it customarily represent relapse to the mean, with the goal that blunder gauges are not corresponding to the furthest points of watched changes [1]. Be that as it may, this philosophy does in any event give an efficient and conceivably observationally legitimate way to deal with appraisal of genuine change [6]. Conversely, while relapse strategies do likewise have their own innate constraints, for example, more noteworthy utility in bigger example estimates, these are viewed as less broad than RCI technique [1]. The strategies talked about up to this point are fundamentally dissemination based methodologies, implying that they express watched change in a normalized group. An essential impediment of this sort of approach is that they are simply factual estimations which don't uncover the clinical criticalness of any watched change [9]. Elective methodologies incorporate the utilization of reference states to evaluate the insignificant significant distinction or change, which alludes to the littlest change in wellbeing quality that the patient can see and that is viewed as clinically applicable change [3]. Be that as it may, these methodologies have their own characteristic constraints, with immediate and emotional patient inclusion in the change appraisal process expanding the unpredictability of the estimation [3]. As the assurance of an individual’s current subjective working, just as whether this working has improved or declined since earlier appraisal, is key to the adequacy of clinical neuropsychology, the capacity to dependably decide change by means of correlation of grades is essential [6]. Be that as it may, as has been sketched out over, the methodologies engaged with this assurance are changed in their adequacy, and accompany inborn restrictions. Accordingly, while thinking about the clinical hugeness of test outcomes, a patient’s execution should be deciphered logically, considering important conduct, clinical and chronicled data, as psychometric inconstancy alone isn't adequate [4]. Moreover, assessment of the utilitarian results of any deliberate change is significant, as this is of in any event proportional significance in deciding if improvement or decay has occurred [6]. References 1. Streams, B.L., et al., Developments in neuropsychological evaluation: Refining psychometric and clinical interpretive strategies. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2009. 50(3): p. 196. 2. Contract, R.A., Revisiting the standard mistakes of mea

Ikea’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor Essay

IKEA is a Swedish organization delivering home outfitting items at low costs. The organization was established in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad and continued developing colossally from 2 stores in 1964 to 114 stores in 1994. It’s valuable to make reference to the ikea’s vision that says â€Å"Creating a superior life for the numerous people† for understanding the profound philosophy of sparing expense among all the branches of IKEA, everything that IKEA does has the point of decreasing cost to the client. Other than its examples of overcoming adversity, the organization has confronted natural and social issues. The natural issue of Formaldehyde was comprehended yet deals dropped by 20% in Denmark. In 1992, the organization got a similar issue, which cost IKEA around $7 million. IKEA took in an exercise; exposure can acquire a major misfortune deals, not considering the harm to the brand picture. In the spring of 1995, another film is take steps to be appeared on German TV about kids working at looms at Rangan Exports, an Indian organization utilized by IKEA, and the maker at that point welcomed IKEA to send somebody to partake in a live conversation during the program. These occasions encouraged the organization to consider ecological and social issues all the more genuinely. It is imperative to center to the drawn out agreement that IKEA builds up with its providers, in reality they advance â€Å"to grow long haul business partners†, and they likewise state â€Å"†¦ We are in this for the long run† consistently with the point of lessening cost and making a dedicated relationship. On the procedure of globalization, IKEA needs to get the least expensive providers and in this way goes to nations that offer modest work. When IKEA set its providers in these nations, it couldn't stay away from these issues. The way that IKEA doesn't have its own assembling offices; rather it utilizes subcontracted makers everywhere throughout the world for provisions makes it progressively perplexing and hard to monitor the company’s providers and subsuppliers (right around 2300 providers in 70 nations and a scope of 11200 items). It is much progressively hard to monitor youngsters working in homes where entire families took a shot at looms from the subsuppliers’ level. The best system is to maintain a strategic distance from social and natural issues directly from the earliest starting point as when these issues rise, they promptly influence the products’ deals colossally. To keep away from this danger of misfortune in benefit, IKEA may consider pulling back from India. Nonetheless, if IKEA pulls back from India advertise, it will lose a major chance of modest work and put the organization at impediment position as different contenders getting to similar chances to vie for lower item costs. IKEA accordingly ought not search for another business opportunity by leaving India yet stay aware of the pattern and stretch out beyond the issue and its adversaries. A few people may contend that if the organization is effectively engaged with the issue, it might have a drop in benefit contrasted with its rivals. The danger might be valid in the present moment additionally due to the statement of undoing of the agreement. Be that as it may, IKEA can transform the danger into a major open door in the long haul by effectively including and publicizing its accomplishment whit the site and show promoting in the stores to let clients value the exertion ,as done before with the woodland issue. The severe organization with all providers doesn’t license IKEA to desert one of his provider when issues happen, the flexibly system will be frightened from the conduct of the organization when an assistance is required; in actuality IKEA says that â€Å"We don't accepting from our providers. We purchase unused creation capacity† thusly we can see that the providers depends from IKEA. To go or not to go to the show? On the off chance that the show guarantee IKEA the chance of talking openly and to guard itself, so to have the option to talk and give further clarification of the issue, they ought to go; if the show doesn’t guarantee any opportunity of talking and the show will be just a â€Å"public pillory†, IKEA ought not proceed to do a question and answer session the following day, where it will clarify profoundly the public statement and all the goal of IKEA for what's to come. For this unpredictable circumstance, it is suggested that IKEA should join the program. The organization had picked up effectively some positive accomplishments to the youngster work issue since the issue was first raised by Swedish TV. IKEA could examine the data it had gathered so distant from UNICEF, Swedish Save the Children and the ILO and show it had a similar disposition as the chief of the narrative film just as arriving at similar objectives of erasing kid work. It could demonstrate its thankfulness to the executive for helping spot the kid work at the company’s maker and underscoring that the organization will break down the case all the more profoundly. IKEA conceivably makes reference to its soul of not staying away from errors to look for imaginative arrangements. Also with a painstakingly thought about arrangement, taking part in the TV program would help spare the brand and picture. After the TV program, IKEA needs to think of an answer for the case and the drawn out technique to manage youngster work issue, and conceding that the condition of the agreement was excessively exacting, and it is smarter to build up an arrangement (3-5 years) for the future with those nations. Barner should make an outing to Rangan Exports and examine the case altogether and connect with the truth of the realities. All the kids working there ought to be gathered and offered instruction openings (Corporate Social Responsibility, Citizenship of the organization). The organization needs to make its own kids spending plan to help kids discovered working. By along these lines, IKEA could proceed with its relationship with its providers (the greater part of them are in creating nations), requiring the collaboration from providers to permit IKEA’s proficient arbitrary assessment. Working with Rugmark is another acceptable alternative if IKEA can ensure the kid work issue is leveled out. Since IKEA doesn't have its own makers and gets its provisions from different providers, it is trying for IKEA’s capacity to oversee and control the entire creation process. Except if IKEA can be certain that there’s no kid work in the organization, it is urged to permit Rugmark to screen the utilization of youngster work for IKEA’s sake. On the off chance that IKEA follows the means clarified above, it will improve its degree of social duty and manageability. The organization could propel itself to the significantly more elevated level, an intuitive level, by executing increasingly confident and exact plans. The intelligent level guarantees a drawn out preferred position in brand picture and benefit as done before with the â€Å"going green† program. As kid work is considered â€Å"Indian culture†, it requires a great deal of time, vitality and account to gain ground. The organization needs to work firmly with UNICEF, NGOs, and Save the Children Alliance to gain from one another. In India, in view of monetary activities, families send youngsters to work. Thusly, to help improve the circumstance, IKEA need to subsidize a spending plan in the need of instruction for those families. Additionally, the organization should campaign to constrain the administration to get included all the more effectively all the while. Over the long haul, family salary boosting plans should be actualized to acquire a superior standard living for Indian families as neediness is the foundation of the issue.

Updated Spring 2016 Transfer Information - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Updated Spring 2016 Transfer Information - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Updated Spring 2016 Transfer Information At this time of year, the review of the 2016 Spring transfer applications is our main focus, and we continue to diligently work on these files. At this time, we have made roughly 600 decisions of the 1,200 applications we received this year. Based on statistical data, we are averaging about 30-40 decisions being made per day when we are able to focus full-time on Spring files. The one exception to this timing is during the dates between August 3rd and August 14th, when our evaluation team works full force to review summer work for both incoming and current students. This step must be done ASAP to allow for prerequisite checks for fall courses for these students. As such, I expect that we will be able to focus on Spring applications full time on roughly August 17, and so we hope for the most part to be finished with reviews by about early to mid September, (with exceptions as we get into some of the more challenging files to review). Please remember we cannot tell you when you will have a decision as this depends on many factors. Applications are generally processed in the order in which the file was completed, but this is not always the case, as some files are more challenging, are from colleges where we are having to build a catalog in the new system, or are just complex. We also have two new staff members who can handle the more basic transfer files, so they might review some later files that can be done easily but might be out of completion order. As well, I am not able to look at each individual file to see why someone did nor did not receive a decision based on X date. If you are transferring from an out-of-state college or a college we have not had many students apply from, your application may take a bit longer to review and thus the timeline would not be correct for your situation. Transfer decisions are updated daily on the status check, and the myStatus page is updated at about 5 am every morning. If you have been admitted and want to see how your courses transferred, you can use the transfer equivalency site off the admissions website. If you have submitted a deposit (fall transfer and beyond requirement), you can log on toDegreeWorks to see how your courses apply towards the degree/major you have selected. As well, go to the Next Steps brochure to learn about what you will need to do next to enroll at UGA (this is also sent in the acceptance packet). I hope this helps, and Go Dawgs.

The Benefits of Early Childhood Education - 1201 Words

The Benefits of Early Childhood Education The writer of Proverbs 22:6 wrote: â€Å"Train a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it†. Early Education has benefits that can follow well into adult hood. Early childhood education is the organized practice of educating those who are in early childhood. According to the NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children), early childhood spans the human life from birth to age eight (Early Childhood Education, para. 1).Before 1960, educating young children was primarily dealt with in the home. Today most children spend a large part of their day away from their parents. Most attend a center based program until kindergarten. Attendance at a center-based†¦show more content†¦Two studies that have followed preschooler to adulthood (High/Scoop Perry and Abecedarian) have proven that early education provides benefits to adult career success. The High/Scoop Perry researchers followed two groups for 40 years and found that chi ldren that participated in early childhood education programs were more likely to be employed (76% vs. 62%). The educated children have a high percentage of home owners (37% vs. 28%). Studies have also shown an increase in median annual earnings ($20,800 vs. $15,300). The economy can also benefit for children being enrolled in early childhood educational programs. Adults that were once in early childhood programs are more productive adults and earn better wages. Due to this increase it will create increased tax revenue and decrease dependency on welfare and other government programs. Early childhood education helps prepare children to succeed in school and become better adults; they are more likely to earn more, pay more taxes and commit fewer crimes. For every dollar that is invented in educating children taxpayers can save up to $13.00 for every dollar spent. There is also increase in parent productivity. Parents that otherwise had no childcare option would gain the opportunity to enter the work force. Investing in early education increases economic development in the form of jobs and the sell of goods and services. In the diagram below the High/Scope Perry researchers conclude that, 40 years after being enrolled inShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Early Childhood Education642 Words   |  3 PagesThe prominence of early childhood education in children’s lives is now beyond questions. An initial start to life is well recognized as the foundation to future development. Not only have the children who participate in early childhood program get benefit but also the families and community. â€Å"It has been shown that children who attended early childhood centres of high quality were more successful at school, remained at school longer, and continued to achieve more after they had left schoolRead MoreThe Benefits Of Early Childhood Education1015 Words   |  5 PagesAn early childhood education student planing on becoming a teacher needs to know certain things about children before stepping into a classroom. They must look at their own personality and how they handle stress. An upcoming teacher must have a mindful awareness, focused attention, and self authority. Mindful awareness skills in stress can be mixed in with your relationships with your peers and social skills. If a teacher is not well balance when it comes to stressful situations they wouldn’t beRead MoreBenefits Of Low Salaries For Early Childhood Education1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn the ever-growing society, the necessity of early childhood education has increased as research indicated all the beneficiary effects on the child’s developmental learning capacity in their early years. However, low salaries negatively affect many early childhood educators who dedicated time and effort to continue higher education and trainings to ensure the best practices for the children. With the efforts to raise salaries for early childhood teachers, many professionals and educators in theRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Has Benefit For Our Society s Economy Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAbecedarian Project According to all of the videos I watched and articles I read, early childhood education has benefits for the child’s development as well as for our society’s economy. The two programs we were instructed to research are very similar. Both projects focus on the education during the earliest years of life, ages 0-3 years. Both believe that this early education will have an effect on the children throughout their entire lives. Head Start began as an 8-week program in 1965. TheRead MoreEssay On Investing In Our Children1107 Words   |  5 PagesCurrie, J. (1999). Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don’t Know about the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions. Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law, 24(6), 1406-1409. doi:10.1215/03616878-24-6-1406 The above reference focus on the aspect of Investing in children Through research there are increasing evidences during the first years after birth, there is a particularly important in child development that present opportunities for enrichment, but also vulnerabilitiesRead MoreEarly Childhood Education For Children From Low Income Households Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages Early Childhood Education Early Childhood Educators work in the subset of education that focuses on the infant through preschool age group. Early Childhood Education creates a significant difference in a child development and learning abilities. There is a variety of avenues one can explore for their child’s pre-education. These specific programs are known by several different names, two of which are preschool and pre-K. Educators can work in many different programs with in churches, public schoolsRead MoreThe Effects Of Computers On Children s Early Childhood Education Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially, are needed in most American’s everyday lives. So why would early childhood education be any different? From the beginning stages, there has always been a debate of whether computers have a positive or negative impact on children, young children especially. As computers have intergraded themselves into many children’s lives and their education, the debate is even more prominent. S upporters of computer use in early childhood education believe that with proper monitoring and the right software, computersRead MoreThe State Of Georgia Have Quality Early Childhood Education1447 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Purpose The purpose of this policy is to ensure that all children in the state of Georgia have quality Early Childhood Programs that are accessible, affordable, comprehensive, and sustainable. Crafting strategic and thoughtful policy in the forefront will ensure the academic achievement, social development and future success of the state’s youth. †¢ Scope This policy will aim to address the social, academic and general health needs of all children from birth to the age of 8 years in the state ofRead MoreReflection On Early Childhood Education1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past eight weeks, my insights on Early Childhood Education have given me a better understanding of issues and trends in Early Childhood Education. As I mastered this course, I have also become more knowledgeable and understanding of the needs of children and families in my community. Another way that I have been strengthened was through discussions and sharing blogs with my colleagues. On the other hand, researching professional early childhood education topics and viewing multimedia presentationsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education: A Wise Investment Approach for a Better Future721 Words   |  3 PagesTitle Early Childhood Education: A wise investment approach for a better future. 1. Core message There are many benefits from improving quality in Early Child Education services and the trade-off between affordability and quality in these services should not determine the efficiency of this improvement. Even though this latter issue (affordability versus quality) comes to reality and associated dollar cost might impact on families’ budget, it should be explain benefits from this kind of actions

The Election Of 1860, The North And Southern States Of...

For years prior to the Election of 1860, the Northern and Southern states of America were growing apart. Problems decades earlier such as the South’s lack of railroads were coupled with more recent arguments concerning the future of slavery in America and whether it should be allowed in new territories. Following closely on the heels of many of these divisive problems was the Election of 1860, in which Abraham Lincoln won without carrying a single Southern state. Although it was not his intention, Lincoln’s victory in the Election of 1860 proved to be the final straw for the South, and quickly caused the secession of seven Southern states, ultimately leading to the deadliest war in American history, and the end of slavery in the United States. In the years leading up to the Election of 1860, tensions between the North and the South had been growing steadily. The main reason for this tension was the issue of slavery, and whether or not it would be allowed in new territo ries. Just two of the many controversies surrounding slavery at this time were the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Compromise of 1850 saw California admitted as a free state, and a more strict fugitive slave law introduced. The admission of California as a free state tipped the balance between free and slave states in the Senate, angering many Southerners. The new fugitive slave law angered people in the North because it put all blacks in jeopardy of becoming enslaved regardless ofShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The 1860 Presidential Election1442 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the influence of the 1860 presidential election as a cause of the American Civil War The 1860 presidential election of Abraham Lincoln greatly contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809, served as the sixteenth president of the United States. He was the very first Republican to serve as president, eventually leading the Union to victory during the civil war. Lincoln opposed the idea of the expansion of slavery but acknowledged thatRead MoreThe Decade Of Crisis During The 1800s996 Words   |  4 PagesDecade of Crisis The period of time including the 1850s-1860s was considered the decade of crisis. This time period consisted of many abolitionist movements, rebellions, and an election in 1860. It also included secessions of states, and eventually triggered the civil war. There were two highly influential people involved in this decade; John Brown and Abraham Lincoln. They positively affected the United States of America. By 1857, Brown returned to the East and began raising money to carry outRead MoreEssay Souths Seccesion and Start of Civil War698 Words   |  3 Pagesthe 1860’s, the people in this country were slowly being divided. From 1850 to 1861, it was apparent that the union was separating into the North and the South and battle was soon to follow. With this division, peace could not continue amongst the country, for the country was filled with problems that affected the common Americans. With the events that led up to the war, the South felt like they had every reason to secede from the United States of America. The divided economies of the North and SouthRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century, America described their westward expansion as the Manifest Destiny. The topic of slavery was still at a dispute in America. The Southern States, whose economies were heavily dependent on agriculture, needed slave labor for theRead MoreThe War Between The United States944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes to the War Between the States The Road of the United States in becoming a truly united nation has not been a path without turmoil. Many lives were laid down to form the structure of this country and fought for its right to freedom. One of the bloodiest conflicts in the United States’ history was the war between states or more commonly referred as the Civil War. This war leads to much unnecessary violence ridden battles that were precluded by many cases. The Civil War had many profoundRead MoreThe Road Of The United States937 Words   |  4 PagesRoad of the United States in becoming a truly united nation has not been a path without turmoil. Many lives were laid down to form the structure of this country and fought for its right to freedom. One of the bloodiest conflicts in the United States’ history was the war between states or more commonly referred as the Civil War. This war leads to much unnecessary violence ridden battles that were preluded by many causes. The Civil War had many profound effec ts on how the United States ran as a countryRead MoreThe Secession Crisis Of 1860-18611637 Words   |  7 Pagesmany events had impacts on the United States that lead up to the secession crisis of 1860-1861. Slavery had great impacts on the country, such as the economic effect of the South overestimating its importance due to the prevalence of slave grown cotton. Westward expansion had the social effect of the citizens of territories wanting statehood to get into arguments and civil wars due to popular sovereignty. States rights had the political effect of the southern states believing that since they agreed toRead MoreThe American Civil War Was An Internal Conflict Fought1527 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history. Among the 34 U.S. states in February 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America. War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U.S.Read MoreThe American Civil War981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the major events in history that helped develop America to what it is today. Many people think that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery alone, but in reality it was caused by many disagreements and events between the northern free states and southern slave states that occurred prior to the war. Monetary alterations were one of the main reasons the North and South had many conflicts and differences in beliefs. The Civil War was an inevitableRead MoreThe United States And The Civil War1064 Words   |  5 Pagessucceeded from the United States of America. However, Abraham Lincoln’s initial goal was to keep the Union as a whole, as he continu ously worked on achieving this goal. There are many accountable reasons for the Civil War, but the disagreement on slave vs. free states and the election of 1860 were the two main causes to the succeeding of the south. Slavery had always been a big issue in the 19th century. The south believed that slavery was essential for the development of the southern economy. As seen in

Health Care Right or Privilege Free Essays

What is the difference between a right and a privilege? A right is a just claim or title, whether legal, prescriptive, or moral: You have a right to say what you please. Privilege is any of the rights common to all citizens under a modern constitutional government. (Dictionary. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care: Right or Privilege or any similar topic only for you Order Now com) As I researched the meaning of both words I found that they are very similar. Now that I have you thinking about those two words here is the big question: Is health care a right or a privilege? This question goes all the way back to the constitution. Many have been debating about this for many years. Even today people are still fighting for health care.A right is something you are born with, and you will die with, granted to you by your â€Å"Creator† (whatever you imagine She/he/It/Them to be). A right something that is naturally yours. Something that no one can take away from you unless you give you rights away legally. People give their rights away in contracts and by going to jail. Even going to jail does not take away all your rights. A privilege is granted to you by the King, General, Church, or the State, and may be revoked at any time, if one loses favor. This is usually caused by a failure â€Å"consider the king†, a failure to pay the â€Å"royalty†, tax, indulgence, tithe, license fee, etc.It is a privilege to be able to have nice cars, clothes, and homes. Is health care a right? This question is dear to my heart because I had to endure a situation of my very own. My youngest son was born during a time in which I was not working which left me reaching out to Medicaid. Medicaid is healthcare benefits in Georgia without health care insurance. Medicaid helped for the first year with no problems. After that I was on my own. A job with medical benefits was hard to come by at the time. My son became very ill. I would take him to the doctors once a week and they would tell me that he just had a cold.By the end of the first year Medicaid would not pay for any more medicines for him, they said he had used all his limits. What was I suppose to do? Yes I worked but there were no benefits. One day while at the hospital he stopped breathing. That one day visit turned in to 21 days. If I had not reapplied for Medicaid my son would not be here today. All humans should have the right to health care. Is no matter age, race, social status, or religious belief all humans should have health care.. . Many people do not have health care because of age, race, and social status. We are all humans and Excessive bail shall not be required, nor xcessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (Amendment 8). Many have looked at not have the opportunity to have health care is cruel and unusual punishment. I do not agree that not having health care is a cruel and unusual punishment. Yes it is unfair to some people. Many people have been debating health care for years. Should it only be given to the elderly? What about the terminal ill patients, or the special need. Why not to the average man or woman who just cannot afford health care. At this rate healthcare benefits would allow more people to go back to work.I know there have many time you have gone to work sick. Your minor sickness could lead to a long term sickness which could be easily speeded to your coworkers.References Privilege. (n. d. ). Dictionary. com Unabridged. Retrieved December 20, 2010, from Dictionary. com website: com/browse/privilege†http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/privilege Right. (n. d. ). Dictionary. com Unabridged. Retrieved December 20, 2010, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/right †¢Ã¢â‚¬ The Constitution of the United States,† Article 1, Section 8, Clause 5. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ The Constitution of the United States,† Amendment 8. How to cite Health Care: Right or Privilege, Papers

Vulnerable Population Workplace Project free essay sample

I am a psychiatric RN for children for the past 8 years. I wrote this essay from my experience. I am currently working towards completing my bachelors degree and eventually working to become a psychiatric NP for children. Not only do I specialize in psychiatry, I myself have ADHD and can understand how children and adults struggle when not properly treated. Vulnerable Population in the Workplace Ronya Bentz NUR/440 February 27, 2010 Pauline Rogers Vulnerable Population in the Workplace Most staff members become anxious when asked to speak with a group of teachers about educating children with Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD). Staff members may experience intimidation instructing teachers in how to educate children. To decrease stress a verbal and visual program assisted coworkers to become more confident. Information provided to staff members was a brochure as a tool for teachers, and a PowerPoint to assist with a presentation. During the presentation obstacles were addressed concerning the importance of educating the school systems for improving a child’s learning and social abilities regardless of possessing ADHD. We will write a custom essay sample on Vulnerable Population Workplace Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When an employee uses his or her expertise, this creates an opportunity to educate the community in helping ADHD children become more socially recognized and accepted. Support from the community allows greater opportunities to improve special education programs and developmental resources. The ability to teach employees in promoting awareness of ADHD to the school system will broaden the perceptions of teachers working with ADHD students. Many teachers do not understand how to support students with ADHD. According to Smith (2012), â€Å"Approximately three to five percent of all children in the US currently suffer from ADHD which translate in real terms into 2 million children† (How to teach ADHD child-effective teaching techniques for ADHD students). Strategies to assist teachers in improving children’s written expression could include written instructions to the parents, organizers to provide visual aids, and â€Å"post-it† notes to create ideas for essay writing (Low, 2012). A personal strategy is to use head phones to prevent other noises from interrupting the child’s train of thought. Math educators can use peer tutoring, and the teacher can clarify problems to the pupil. To encourage self-confidence, the student can create his or her own examples, and discuss the answers (Low, 2012). Another indication needed is to the education of staff members in how to embrace the community by concentrating on specific community resources. These resources are â€Å"teachers, social workers, and allied health professionals† (Russel, et al 2011 p. 404). Other resources that are available include spiritual advisor, â€Å"parents, child and adolescent mental health, community pediatrics, GPs, OT and education services† (Russel et al. 2011, p. 406) and spiritual advisor. Using resources outside of the school system allows the student to receive holistic care by addressing his or her mind, body, and spirit. Staff members optimistically responded with various questions on how to educate the teachers and the community during the power point presentation. Also each employee received a brochure that provided teaching strategies and ideas to improve educational success for children with ADHD. This endorses the third concept: to provide educational material to staff while promoting quality information to those with ADHD. A teacher is vulnerable if he or she is not educated in recognizing a child’s special needs. Staff members can be the resource for teachers to contact while teaching a child with ADHD. Some examples of facts to improve teacher’s abilities in educating children with ADHD were in the brochure and the power point. An example according to Davis (n. d. ), â€Å"understanding the struggle a student with ADHD has and provide an ordered, safe, predictable environment† (Ideas for Teaching ADHD children). Another example provided according to Davis (n. d. ) is to â€Å"establish a courteous, working relationship with the student’s parents. Learn about their child’s strengths, weaknesses, interests, and achievements and ask for learning methods the child learns most effectively† (Ideas for Teaching ADHD children). As parents become involved in the education of the student, the child’s learning ability improves and builds self-esteem for the child and the parent. The final concept: staff members will learn how to enhance special education programs and child-development resources. To accommodate children with ADHD, there are two resources. Ascertaining how the child is altered by his or her disability will determine the type of assistance he or she should receive. A 504 Plan and an IEP are programs to protect and assist a student with a disability by improving his or her opportunity to learn in a less restrictive setting. Establishing the requirements for a child is different in each program. It is more of a challenge for a child to qualify for special education services and obtain an IEP. A student must meet detailed conditions to qualify for special education. A pupil can have a disability such as ADHD, yet not meet the requirements for special education programs. The student must have a â€Å"major life function† that influences his or her education in a negative manner. To meet criteria for a 504 Plan, a student can achieve academically but requires behavioral modifications or fundamental skills enhancement because of symptoms of ADHD. While discerning the disability impairment in school, a direct link will influence, which program the child needs. For example, a child who has learning challenges in reading or math and has ADHD would not necessarily qualify for a 504 program plan. One would have to establish that the reading or math complications are a direct result of the ADHD (King, 2008). Staff members expressed excitement in learning to ascertain the difference between IEP and 504 Plans. This will boost his or her confidence in teaching about students who may be struggling in the school system. With use of the brochure and the knowledge given to staff members of the power point presentation, an educational package is available to educate teachers in the school systems and other community resources. Coworkers have requested more material to set up an educational program to teach parents how to educate and build confidence with children with ADHD. In conclusion, coworkers need to understand how to encourage and educate teachers and the community to meet educational and social needs of children with ADHD. There are four concepts in determining obstacles in the workplace by improving understanding of the importance of working with school systems. This begins with educating staff members in raising teacher awareness, and bringing together the community to improve services for disabled children who have ADHD. This program will teach staff members how to provide quality constructive information to teachers, help children with ADHD recognize strengths, and teach the community how to improve educational and developmental learning resources. Each coworker will be confident in his or her presentation to the school system and the community.

Drugs in sports

Abstract Drug use in sports has gained momentum in the recent past. The drug is used for performance enhancing (Coe, p. 224). Different sports have set up laws that are used to curb drug doping. Sports personalities use drugs to gain an advantage over the others. Performance enhancing drugs have been used in the Olympics by different people. For example, Thomas Hicks won the marathon after using strychnine.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs in sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the use of stimulating substances was banned in 1928 by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (Hartgens, p. 513). Although the ban was instituted a long time ago, athletes still use drugs to enhance performance. In 1976, East Germany nearly won all the swimming gold medals after the players were given steroids (Longman, p. 124). There is a debate about whether to allow drugs to be used in sports or impose a total ban. The proponents of this debate argue that drug use alone does not guarantee success in the field. A magnificent performance is a combination of proper nutrition and practice. However, this is not true because some drugs enhance the performance of an individual. Drug usage in sports should be banned because of its effects. These effects include; it provides an avenue for some athletes to cheat, it compromises the credibility and integrity of the results and it is illegal (Coe, p. 224). Introduction A drug is a natural substance that is taken to alter the general body functions (Wilson, p. 180). Drugs are used for several purposes. The nature in which a drug is used depends on the purpose of the drug. It can be used for; curative, stimulating, performance enhancing or as food. People consider any substance to be a drug based on the existing culture or legislature. Some traditions consider some drugs as food. Laws have been established about drugs based on the effects of the drug i n the body. It is illegal to use a drug that has been prohibited by a government or any organization. However, some drugs have been prohibited but can be used in the treatment of patients. Additionally, some drugs can be taken without the knowledge of an individual. In such a case, the drug is found in a substance that is taken as food. Using drugs to boost performance should be banned because it makes the sport lose its original intended meaning and it also causes several environmental and health problems (Hartgens, p. 513). Drugs should be used in sports Performance enhancing drugs should be allowed to be used in sports. Drugs that enhance performance satisfy the expectation of spectators watching games. People expect to watch a unique ability in the sports personality. This is made possible through the use of drugs because it gives an athlete the ability to demonstrate sports creativity.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many fans watch athletes with the expectation to watch unique traits in the athletes (Wannamethee, p. 163). This makes the sport to become interesting. It is difficult to display a unique trait that is different from the human traits without the influence of performance enhancing drugs (Longman, p. 124). The major expectation of the fans is players to demonstrate creativity during the game. Therefore, many people consider a competition to be fair if all the players are allowed to use the drug. Here, all the players will have the same effect of the drug and the best will come out based on his creativity. It is upon the players to manipulate the drug through excellent training to obtain the best results (Wannamethee, p. 163). Technology has been introduced into sports. All people around the globe are comfortable with the use of technology in sports and disregard drugs. Technology is a result of creativity in the sports. Since the genetic m ake up of athletes is the same, drugs would not provide an advantage over other players (Warburton, p. 78). Performance enhancing drugs have been used in other aspects of the human life. For example, many classical musicians use drugs to enhance their performance on stage. An excellent classical presentation requires a proper control of the pulse rate and blood pressure (Russell, p. 442). The musicians use the beta blockers to enhance the stage performance. A low pulse rate and blood pressure contributed by the beta blockers reduces the effects of stress and this gives the musician confidence to exhibit a sterling performance (Brantigan, p. 90). An outstanding stage performance is the expectation of the classical music fans. Using drugs to enhance a stage performance does not give the musician an advantage over others. It depends on the human creativity and practice (Brantigan, p. 90). Drugs should not be allowed in sports Drugs should not be allowed in sports because it provides an avenue for some athletes to cheat (Haugen, p. 67). The doping process for athletes is not accurate. This gives some athletes who use the drugs an added advantage over those who do not use the drugs (Haugen, p. 67). The doping process is not used in all games. Therefore, there is no level playing field for the players. Consequently, a total ban on the use of drugs to enhance performance should be instituted to ensure that all the players have been given a level playing field. Players who use drugs and win competitions are not the genuine winners. Although other people argue that a level usage of drugs will make the players level in the field, the actual performance in the field does not reflect the potential of the player. A total ban on drugs in all sports gives a level playing field that reflects the exact potential of the players (Longman, p. 124).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs in sports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, different players from different countries have varying abilities to access the drugs. Therefore, if the drugs should be allowed, athletes from developing countries will not access the best drugs. The only way to have a level playing field for all players is through a total ban on the drugs in sports. Integrity in sports is the driving force behind the sports events. Using drugs by a section of players compromises the credibility and integrity of the results (Wilson, p. 214). To maintain credibility and integrity, drugs should be banned. Other players win after using drugs that have been prohibited. Here, the integrity of the results is compromised. The results obtained as a result of using prohibited drugs are illegitimate (Warburton, p. 78). Also, they lack authenticity. The spirit of any competition is to allow for a level playing where every player is given an opportunity to express his ability. A winner in such a competition is accepted by all the fans around the globe. When a winner is declared after using drugs, the value of the sport is reduced. Therefore, the value of the sport remains a major issue in any sport or competition. Additionally, good personalities are expected to be role models (Browne, p. 497). Using drugs is prohibited and illegal. Allowing athletes to use drugs is itself an act of breaking the law. Good role models should obtain success through hard work and determination as opposed to using drugs (Browne, p. 497). In conclusion, drug use in sports should be based on the purpose of the drug. When the drug is used to enhance creativity, then it makes the sport interesting. However, these give the athletes a competitive advantage over the others. As such, the natural ability of the athletes is not properly rewarded. Although drugs make sports interesting, it makes the sport’s lack integrity. Additionally, drugs make the results of a competition to lack integrity and lose value. Additionally, diffe rent players from different countries have varying abilities to access the drugs. Therefore, if the drugs should be allowed, athletes from developing countries will not access the best drugs. The only way to have a level playing field for all players is through a total ban on the drugs in sports. The best way to ban using drugs is through a global organization. This institution should be equipped with excellent doping mechanisms to ensure that all the players are screened properly before participating in a competition. In addition, drug use in sports should be banned because of it adds a competitive advantage, and causes severe effects to the users. These effects include; it provides an avenue for some athletes to cheat, it compromises the credibility and integrity of the results and it is illegal.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Brantigan, C 2005, ‘Effect of beta blockade and beta stimulation on stage fright’, American Journal of Medicine, vol. 5. no. 72, pp. 88–94. Browne, A 2009, ‘The ethics of blood testing as an element of doping control in sport’, Journal of Medical Science Sports, vol. 3. no. 31, pp. 497–501. Coe, s 2004, ‘We cannot move from strict liability rule’, The Daily Telegraph, 25 Feb, p.21. Hartgens, F 2004, ‘Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes’, Sports Medical Journal, vol. 9. no. 34, pp. 513–554. Haugen, K 2004, ‘The performance-enhancing drug game’, Journal of Sports Economics, vol. 4. no. 5, pp. 67–87. Longman, J 2004, East German steroids’ toll: ‘they killed Heid, Oxford University Press, New York. Russell, G 2002, ‘Effects of prolonged low doses of recombinant human erythropoietin during sub maximal and maximal exercise’, European Journal App lied Physiology, vol. 30. no. 86, pp. 442–449. Wannamethee, G 2004, ‘Haematocrit, hypertension and risk of stroke’, J Intern Med, vol. 23. no. 235, pp. 163–168. Warburton, C 2007, The Economic results of prohibition, Columbia University Press, New York. Wilson, B 2004, Hall overcomes cancer, then red tape to reach Olympics, Associated Press, London. This essay on Drugs in sports was written and submitted by user Moshe G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learning The Outdoor Playground Children And Young People Essay Essays

Learning The Outdoor Playground Children And Young People Essay Essays Learning The Outdoor Playground Children And Young People Essay Essay Learning The Outdoor Playground Children And Young People Essay Essay Introduction The intent in making this research and expressed in this paper is to understand the context, from a kid s angle, of larning the outdoor resort area with a peculiar focal point on the part, in order to develop better participatory plans which relevant to healthy physical activities with ecological grasp and acquisition. Play plays an of import portion for a kid s life. Children s resort area can be seen as an unreal game infinite environment. It should run into the map and psychological demands of kids s drama behaviours. Outdoor drama Fosters chances for creativeness, imaginativeness, societal connexions, and learns to be more behaviours. Natural playscapes offer centripetal stimulation and physical diverseness which is critical for childhood experiences out-of-doorss. Through careful design, constructed playscapes can be greened to imitate natural playscapes. Greening is the integrating of natural elements and procedures in a playscape. Children s direct societal and single experiences in nature in early to middle childhood during the developmental window of chance between the ages of three and twelve old ages assist determine their environmental individuality and steer their environmental actions. However, as times changed, the engineering becomes more sophisticated, for illustration like autos, nomadic phones, computing machines ; non merely that, the people s desire is besides hard to fulfill, ensuing in low degrees of felicity in one s life. Peoples live under force per unit area ( harmonizing to developing state ) while the hapless people that do non hold adequate strengths to vie in a competitory society will be disqualified, by so those people would be evolve into immoral individual, for illustration like burglars, terrorists, drug nuts, slayers and so on. More than of all time before, immature people are being badly and sometimes below the belt criticised for their deviant behavior. This can run from hooliganism to random Acts of the Apostless of force and even slay. Much of this is inexcusable but ill understood. Some of our best rational childs can yield to the force per unit areas to vie exerted by household, friends and society as a whole. In this conservatory env ironment ( Quart, 2006 ) many childs end up on drugs, prescribed or otherwise, in marauding packs, or finally travel postal ( Ames, 2007 ) , kill and perpetrate self-destruction. If all teens are thought of as assets in the devising, instead than jobs waiting to go on, so non merely our ain households but besides society as a whole could be transformed. ( Richard Lerner, 2007, p.213 ) In the involvement of this state of affairs, the parents have alerted that the society have become more and more unsafe comparison to the old epoch, they can non allow travel both of their custodies or must maintain an oculus on their kids every seconds. Negative promotion such as robbery, larceny, colza instances and etc. , have uninterrupted been reported in assorted media. Presents, the parents give electronic devices like iPad, iPods, and iPhone to their kids but non genuinely sincere have a duologue and understanding towards the kid. Recent grounds proposing that kids now are non merely less active, but they are less hazard aware and show a reduced involvement in the natural universe, frequently favoring, alternatively, plugged-in drama environments ( Louv, 2005 ; Gill, 2007, 2010 ; Honore, 2008 ) . The literature reviews show a deficiency of cohesive research on the connexion between kids, out-of-door drama and the design of kids s playscapes. However, the wide aggregation of current resources have minutes of convergence that illustrate the chance for the coherence in future research on childhood connexions to nature through out-of-door drama. Literature reviews supply a solid base for the creative activity of design guidelines which can further childhood drama experiences out-of-doorss. Findingss will be used to develop a set of guidelines for kids s landscapes to assist supply chances which can take in strong child out-of-door experience. There are 4 literature reappraisals: Chapter 1- What is drama and how does it related to kids, out-of-door drama, nature? Chapter 2- What is the importance for kids to see out-of-door environment? Chapter 3- Why and how do we better the design of out-of-door resort area for kids? Chapter 4- How to plan a better resort area to pull kids to travel out-of-door resort area? The lessening of quality of interaction between kids and outdoor environments has a negative impact on kids s wellness, larning and development. Play is of import in childhood. The environment used for drama is besides an of import portion because different playscapes offer different chances. Outdoor drama is polar in making a nexus between nature and kids. In add-on, out-of-door drama has the ability to give kids stimulation which the indoor drama can non accomplish. We should believe as a society and as parents about how to advance healthy, positive, admirable, and productive behaviours in our immature people. And we need to happen new vocabulary to speak about our immature people. Let s call the good things they can and should make. Let s step these good things. Let s so happen ways to do those good things more likely to be present in their lives. ( Richard Lerner, The Good Teen, p.10, 2007 ) Experiences in nature aid to determine kids s constructs and values. Assorted types of contact with nature drama different functions. While each of these types of contact is of import for kids to develop an environmental consciousness and individuality, direct experiences are most of import for childhood geographic expedition of natural elements. Literature Review Chapter 1- What is play? Play is one of the ways kids about themselves, the people around them, their environment and their community. It is an of import portion of every kid s life and indispensable to their hereafter development. Play Fosters creativeness, imaginativeness, societal connexions and learned behaviours of kids. It is the activity which can be defined as a scope of voluntary, centrally motivated activities that are usually associated with pleasance and enjoyment. *** ( Ashley Parsons, taken from Garvey, Catherine. Play. The Developing Child Series. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990 ) . Through drama, kids learn to research the universe around them, develop and pattern accomplishments they will utilize throughout their lives. Play is defined as behaviour that is freely chosen, personally directed and inherently motivated. Children should be given the limitation of safety in a operable and freedom manner. In add-on, kids should be in control of how they play, but non knock or call o n the carpet them for illustration stating a kid the right manner to keep a pigment coppice will deny kids many of these first manus experiences. Play is indispensable for physical, emotional and religious growing ; rational and educational development ; and societal and behavioural accomplishments of a kid. A kid s capacity for positive development will be inhibited if denied entree to a scope of stimulating drama chances. Play frequently, though non ever, implies a sense of merriment for the kid. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.valeofglamorgan.gov.uk/enjoying/leisure__activities/play/development/what_is_play.aspx )

Reliability of Standardized Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reliability of Standardized Testing - Essay Example If we take into account the basic ideology of standardized testing, it deals with providing information about performance of individual students and also provides an evaluation of the program. In short, we can say that standardized testing makes not only teachers accountable for the poor performance of the students, but also holds the administration equally accountable for the result as well. This is quite pertinent, because the administration is responsible for providing the teachers the basic facilities in order to carry out their jobs, hence the teachers cannot be made scapegoats under this system. Hence this system does have reliability in the sense that every body involved in the education system is accountable to some extent. The reliability of standardized testing has been put under the scanner several times in the past, in fact, as early as in the summer of 1977, at the National Consortium on testing. In this consortium it was decided to "promote a wider understanding of standardized testing among educators, legislators and public at large" (p.2). At that point itself, there was a lot of criticism from a segment of educators and administrators who felt that there had to be changes made in the system. According to Monroe (1924), the standardized tests provided "scientific" and "standard units" (p.7) for measuring the achievements of a student. These arguments are totally valid and indicate the reliability of standardized testing. However, considering there have been enormous changes in the education system, since these comments were made. If we take the current scenario into question, we have to address a host of issues in order to answer this question. There have been a number of testing methodologies that have emerged since then, and in the current scenario, we have to take these into consideration while evaluating the reliability of standardized testing. One of the strongest proponents of standardized testing was Atkinson (2001), who had argued that for use of only standardized tests in admission process in U.S Universities, as he believed that they were quite reliable and provided were fair. He was right in the sense that standardized tests not only provide comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the student, but also strengthen the basic foundation and principles involved in teaching. There are may be varying opinions over standardized testing, but there is no doubt that standardized testing is quite effective efficient. The reliability has often been questioned partly due to the efficiency and effectiveness of this methodology. As mentioned before standardized testing not only evaluates the performance of student, but also tests the efficacy of the teachers, administration and the school itself. In this way everybody involved in the system is accountable and that raises doubts that people involved may get desperate and adopt illegal mechanisms, so that they are not held accountable and this is the reason why the reliability of standardized testing has been questioned. However, the opponents of standardized education system believe that the problem with accountability is that it could cause a cascading effect; in the sense that the teachers may be influenced to design the

Interpretation of diagrams Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interpretation of diagrams - Assignment Example t indicates that many patients receiving home medical care may not be in a position to access the services of the national government vaccine program. This knowledge may be applied to device ways that will ensure that patients receiving medical home care are provided with the vaccination services. Diagram 2A indicates a scenario whereby; the provision vaccine services through the current program does not have any significant effect in regard to the increase or decrease of death rates. On the other hand, the probability of increasing the national vaccine services under the government structure leads to a significant reduction in the average number of death in the country and vice versa. This information is important to policy makers in the sense that it facilitates them to device ways that can be applied to increase the probability of undertaking vaccine program under the government’s program. In addition, the policy makers may also use this data to determine the reasons why the current program is not effective with regard to the reduction of death rates among the

Has Music of the 1950s Shaped Todays Music?

Has Music of the 1950s Shaped Todays Music? Background Questions Has music of the 1950s shaped todays music? Navjot Who influenced the music in the 1950s? Zainab Was there a particular style of music in the 1950s? Navjot Rock n Roll: African Americans migrated into the north urban cities for jobs, bringing along their unique form of music. Working with American people and being close to them allowed their music to be overlapped which caused the birth of Rock and Roll. Rock and Roll is a combination of Rhythm and Blues. Traditional pop:A mixture of original songs, and hits that were previously made famous by another artist but were recorded to their own version. Pop music in the 1950s has been referred to music that was known before the creation of Rock n Roll, pop music was not in any way similar to Rock n Roll. Country: Country music was a blend of Rock music, swing, boogie, and humour country music told real tales that people could relate to such as love, and events in life. Rhythm and blues: Was a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel, and blues influences. Rhythm and Blues was held responsible by the older generation for encouraging uprising among the youth, who happened to be the dominant audience Who made music in the 1950s? Johnny Cash (Country) Elvis Presely (Rock n roll) Little Richard (RB) Pat Boone (Traditional Pop) Analysis How did music in the 1950s impact conflicts that were occurring during that time period? Following the conclusion of the second world war, music acted as a method of representation to express the ethnic conflicts arising through the development of the civil rights movement. Opinion #1: During this time, Rock n Roll and RB music created somewhat of a foundation for black music However, it was also a period that displayed the success and loss of African-American music production This is where racism in the states can be identified-discrimination at its finest The whites claiming blacks music as their own Opinion #2: Rock n Roll and Rhythm and Blues brought the whites and black together; encouraged civil rights movement How has music changed since the 1950s until now? How do they contrast (differences and similarities) Since the 1950s music has changed largely due to many reasons. technology has developed overtime resulting in auto tune being overused by popular artists of this generation, back them music most like had a story now all music has the same concept or meaning its not unique. Also, the genres of music that are now popular have changed, rap music have advanced massively in popularity.Many bands of the past wrote music that had depth to it: the lyrics were meaningful, they wrote their own music, they played multiple instruments, they didnt use auto tune or synthesizers, making their music unique. Today theres so much technology and advancement that not much music is unique. How did global issues influence the meaning behind music in the 1950s? Why was there particular styles of music in the 1950s? Were they due to a lack of advanced technology and available resources? Technology had a huge impact on the music industry typically in positive ways. Technology allows music to be distributed all over the world at the touch of a button which allows the artist to quickly spread their music. Sampling is another digital technology that has had a tremendous impact on music and being able to perfect everything before being released. Artists nowadays are available for popular and valuable instruments like electric guitars, improved microphones, mastering equipment which provides the audience with crystal clean sound and a greater experience with high quality both in concerts and recording.[1] References: http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/50smusic.html References: http://www.ushistory.org/us/53d.asp http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-50s-19900419 http://fiftiesweb.com/music/1950-1954-music/ [1]change question(cant find info) how technology has changed music over time

Circuit Analysis Using Kirchoffs Voltage Law, Kirchoffs Current Law,

Have you ever wondered how or what makes an electric circuit function? A fact that many people don't realize is that almost every electric circuit can be analyzed with three very important laws. Those laws are Kirchoff's Current Law, Kirchoff's Voltage Law, and Ohm's Law. With some practice and the above stated laws in your tool bag, you can feel assured that you too can analyze electric circuits with the best of them. However, before we get into the nitty-gritty of defining and using these laws, I recommend that you first connect to the links that offer a little historical information about the two men that defined these fundamental laws for electric circuit analysis. Gustav Robert Kirchoff was a German physicist born on March 12, 1824, in Konigsber, Prussia. Gustav Kirchoff's first research topic was on the conduction of electricity. As a result of this research, Kirchoff wrote the Laws of Closed Electric Circuits in 1845. These laws were eventually named after their author, which are now known as Kirchoff's Current and Voltage Laws. Because Kirchoff's Voltage and Current laws apply to all electric circuits, a firm understanding of these fundamental laws is paramount in the understanding of how an electronic circuit functions. Although these laws have immortalized Kirchoff in the field of Electrical Engineering, Kirchoff also had additional discoveries. Gustav Kirchoff was the first person to verify that an electrical impulse traveled at the speed of light. Furthermore, Kirchoff made major contributions in the study of spectroscopy and he advanced the research into blackbody radiation. Gustav Robert Kirchoff died in Berlin in October 17, 1887. Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist born in Erlangen, Bavaria, on March 16, ... ...t is directly proportional to its applied voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance. In equation form, Ohm's law states V = I*R where V is the applied voltage, R is the resistance in Ohms, I is the current in amperes. Ohm's law demonstrates that if the applied voltage across a circuit is increased or decreased, the current generated in the circuit increases and decreases, respectively. Furthermore, as the resistance in a circuit increases, the current generated in the circuit decreases. The following are algebraic variations of Ohm's law that demonstrate theses observations. I = V / R R = V / I Using one of the three algebraic variations of Ohm's law, and any two known variables, one can solve for the other unknown quantity.

Basic Bookkeeping Essay

Assessment 1. Written Assessment 1. Give an example of daily financial records that you could have to maintain? Update your accounts receivable and accounts payable daily on your accounting computer using the software provided or modifies to suit the organisational particular needs. 2. What are the requirements regarding identifying and rectifying errors in documentation? – Using the right accounting method: cash and accrual – Using professional bookkeeping method: hiring specialist, qualified accountant or bookkeeper. – Separate personal and business finances – Ensuring employee and other categories are recorded accurately†¨ – Perform basic account reconciliation. – Implement adequate internal controls – Save receipts for small purchases – Know the difference between profit and cash flow – Rely also on a paper environment – Honour your cheques and GST 3. How can you ensure that credit and debit transactions are accurately recorded, in accordance with organisational requirements? The use of computer software. The system will automatically record entries behind the scenes. Consider each transaction as amount that will either increase or decrease specific accounts, i.e. your bank, revenue as the Chart of Accounts. 4. What are the requirements regarding the maintenance of transactions in a general ledger? The process is to record each journal entry into the general ledger. A general ledger holds four types of accounts: assets, liabilities, income, expenses and references equity. Income and expenses are actually types of asset and liability accounts. There are only two types of accounts managed by a General Ledger: – Accounts that tell you how much you are owed – Accounts that tell you how much you owe 5. What are the requirements regarding the posting of transactions into the general ledger? – Commencing business entries – Correction of posting errors – Interest expense – Interest receivable; non-cash transactions – Purchase of a fixed asset on credit – Sale of a fixed asset on credit - Withdrawal of stock/assets by owner – Write-off a bad debt 6. What is the process for reconciling systems for accounts payable and receivable in the general ledger? – Checking accuracy or creditor account balances (e.g. cash payments journal, purchases journal, purchases returns journal, general journal)†¨ – Checking accuracy of debtor account balances (e.g. cash receipts journal, sales return journal, general journal) – Checking cash payments and receipt journals against bank statement – Checking the total of the creditors schedule equals the balance of the creditors control account. – Checking the total of the debtors schedule equals the balance of the debtors control account 7. Financial Reporting has two methods of accounting. What are they? †¨ – Cash – Accrual 8. Explain the two methods and give examples of which reporting method can be used by what size organisation? Cash Accounting: This is the simpler method because it is based on the actual flow of cash in and out of a business. The cash method is used primarily by sole proprieties and business with no inventory. Accrual Accounting: This records income and expenses as they occur, whether cash has actually changed hands or not. Most small business should switch to accrual  accounting, because this makes it easier to accurately match revenue to expenses.

Essay on Art and the Bible - 1429 Words

Art and the Bible Art and the Bible is an interesting approach at looking at art in all of its forms. It also answers the question what is the place of art in the Christian life? Along with the question it tries to put a general perspective on art. The different types of art that are mentioned are writing, painting, poetry, drama and music. The question is answered by looking in the Bible and finding specific example regarding art in all of its forms. The general perspectives on art are looked at in eleven points. I will also critique this book and give my personal opinion. The first thing made clear in Art and the Bible is the Lordship of Christ regarding man. The Bible makes four things very clear: God made the whole man; in†¦show more content†¦While Moses was on Sinai, God gave him specific instructions regarding the building of the tabernacle. And in these instructions God clearly asked for beauty to be present in the tabernacle. God commanded that art be constructed, not only in the Ta bernacle but also in the Temple. There was no utilitarian purpose for some of the art in the Tabernacle and in the Temple, it is just that God is very interested in beauty. Also, God didn’t say that the art had to be photogenic, God commanded that there be blue, purple, and scarlet pomegranates adorning the skirts of the priest. Purple and scarlet are natural colors of a pomegranate but blue is not. In other words art can be free, it is not constricted to actuality in nature. There are many other instances in which God commanded art in the Temple and in the Tabernacle. The art that has been discussed so far has all had to do with God, but there is also secular art, and that does not mean that it is wrong. There is secular art in the Bible, in 1 Kings 10 Solomon’s throne is described. His throne is adorned with ivory and the finest gold, and with a total of 14 lions, as statues or real lions. 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