Thursday, December 26, 2019
Operations Management - 5696 Words
Running Head: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT PROJECT Operations Management Project Ashwin Nandakumar, Mishel Chakkalakal,, Mithun Chacko and Shalwin Dââ¬â¢souza Prof. Dr. Kaup Mohammed Operations Management Madonna University March 2011 Table of Content Pret A Manger ââ¬â by Mithun Chacko 3 Acme Whistles vs. Pret A Manger ââ¬â by Mithun Chacko 5 Touchwood Subway Vs. IKEA Pret A Manger ââ¬â by Shalwin Dââ¬â¢souza 6 Chilis McDonaldââ¬â¢s Baskin Robbins ââ¬â by Mishel Chakkalakal 9 McDonaldââ¬â¢s Newspaper Review ââ¬â by Ashwin Nandakumar 13 Pret A Manger ââ¬â by Mithun Chacko 1) Read the short case on Pret A Manger and (a) identify the process in a typical Pret A Manger Shop together with their inputs and outputs, (b) Pret A Manger also suppliesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They have to replenish their stocks as and when they get over. Hence operating costs are thus further reduced. Pret A Manger has to employee more employees with specialized skill sets like chefs, etc, as they have to distribute man power equally to all their kitchens within their outlets. Acme Whistles has to employee less special skill set employees as no special skill set is required to create whistles. As production is centralized employees are only required to satisfy the work load at that factory. Use of modern technology and automated machines further reduces the required work force. Thus, production cost and labor cost are considerably low for Acme Whistles when compared to Pret A Manger. By Mithun Chacko Touchwood Subway Vs. IKEA Pret A Manger ââ¬â by Shalwin Dââ¬â¢souza Q3. Visit a furniture store (other than IKEA) and a sandwich or snack shop (other than Pret A Manger). Observe how each shop operations, for example, where customers go, how staff interact with them, how big it is, how the shop has chosen to use its space, what variety of products it offers and so on. Talk with the staff and managers if you can. Think about how the shops you have visited are similar to IKEA and Pret A Manger, and how they differ. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As per the requirement of this project, I visited a furniture shop called Touchwood Interior Dà ©cor Show MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words à |à 6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. Operations managers are the people who haveRead MoreOperation Management - Cadburyworld2493 Words à |à 10 Pagestechnology to streamline the operation process) and facility costs (old and outdated facilities) at lowest possible. In return, they have to compromise low costs with their other objectives. The unskilled staffs and outdated facilities are compromised with the quality in the core process. For example, the brief video (facility) in the packaging plant is outdated and requires commentary notes from some guides. However, the unskilled guides are not familiar with the operations so they need to read fromRead MoreOperation Management And Operations Management2148 Words à |à 9 PagesOperation management Introduction Being an operations manager is not an easy task, it involves good control and responsibilities for the major activities within the organisations in order to achieve goals that might be in form of services or in form of goods. The operation management roles may be different from business to business depending on the size and resources available, each organisation has its own operations functions, and in order to produces goods or services they have to convert theRead MoreImportance Of Production And Operations Management2317 Words à |à 10 Pagesthe production and operation of enterprises. In order to remain competitive, companies in different countries have different factors of competitive advantage. A clear competitive advantage is the key to gain success in production and operation management. An effective operations management is the foundation of enterprise competitive advantage and the fundamental guarantee to realize corporate strategy. This essay deals with the importance of production and operations management in the enterprise,Read MoreOperations Management : Operation Management Essay2171 Words à |à 9 PagesOperation Management Operations administration concentrates on precisely dealing with the procedures to create and circulate items and administrations. Operations administration is the procedure, which joins and changes different assets utilized as a part of the creation/operations subsystem of the association into quality included item/benefits in a controlled way according to the arrangements of the association. In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words à |à 12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÃâ° UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words à |à 4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with ââ¬â one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words à |à 10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words à |à 8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words à |à 8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organizationââ¬â¢s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
A Study of Digital Literacy in a Marginalised Community
Introduction: Many young students enter into higher education with less focus and understanding of the digital and computing skills which is beneficial for higher education. Current as well in future, most of the new jobs will require excellent digital skills and work will be based only on the digital world, improving digital literacy is an essential part of the higher education and training.Courses either full or part time will help the young learners to learn the subjects in the digital world enable students to gain the skills and confidence they need to use digital technology not only to support their learning but also in the work environment. Definition - Digital Literacy: The concept of digital literacy was introduced by Paulâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Knowledge about Operating System: Topic Donââ¬â¢t Know Little Known Known Better Well Known General Operating System (File Saving, Editing, Operating System) 3 24 33 97 Only 2% of the students do not know about the operating system. Rest of the students has some knowledge about operating system. Though most of the students do not have system facility, they learnt computer in their academic curriculum. Knowledge about Mailing: Topic Donââ¬â¢t Know Little Known Known Better Well Known Mail ID Creation, Mailing, File Attaching 67 30 30 30 43% of the students do not know about mail id creation, sending mail, file attaching, 19% of them known little, 19% of them known better, 19% of them known well. Group Mails Knowledge: Topic Donââ¬â¢t Know Little Known Known Better Well Known Group Mails 118 29 5 5 75% of the students do not know about group mail, 19% of them known little, 3% of them known better, 3% of them known well. Knowledge about Browsing, You Tube: Topic Donââ¬â¢t Know Little Known Known Better Well Known Browsing, You Tube 68 40 20 29 43% of the students do not know about youtude, browsing, 26% of them known little, 13% of them known better, 18% of them known well. Knowledge about Information Searching: Topic Donââ¬â¢t Know Little Known Known Better Well Known Information Searching 60 34 33 30 38% of the students do not know about Information Searching, 22% of them known little, 21% of them known better, 19% of themShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Social Networking Systems Essay1201 Words à |à 5 Pages2.1. Media Literacy Traditionally, media literacy was taught in schools discussing its various aspects such as media ownership, censorship and advertising. However, todayââ¬â¢s media networks which usually operate online require more complex understanding of digital work that is not generally taught in schools. It requires that individual learn and participate safely in the new emerging social networking sites. There are number of components to media online literacy: â⬠¢ Technical literacy which includesRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom Essay3638 Words à |à 15 PagesInformation Communication Technology (ICT) in this digitally mediated world has led to the need for digital education in schools, which in turn can bring both potentials and challenges in divergent school settings, as digital literacies bring differing values and meanings in relation to the setting they are situated in. Transitioning from old to new literacies; digital literacy as a socially-imbued construct; digital divide; ICT out-of-school; educators and ICT; and implementing ICT in the classroom will beRead MoreInclusive Teaching Learning 2 Essay examples12114 Words à |à 49 PagesYou might like to use the Small steps - big difference tool to help you identify the challenges most relevant to you. In this CPD builder you will find a wide range of information and guidance on inclusion in the form of research, checklists, case studies, good practice advice, videos and activities. There are suggestions of how you can use each resource for CPD to ensure that inclusivity is embedded into all activities and goes further than a tick box approach, alongside prompts to help you reflect
Monday, December 9, 2019
Nike Liu Xiang free essay sample
Crisis Management in Celebrity Endorsement Group 3 Shweta Zacharia Kern Rachita Swarooparani Nike * Worldââ¬â¢s leading supplier of athletic gear * A major sponsor of various global sports events and high-profile athletes and athletic teams * Entered into China in 1980 Considered to be the ââ¬Ëcoolestââ¬â¢ brand in China- success due to clever marketing Liu Xiang * One of Nikeââ¬â¢s most important brand ambassadors in China * First endorsement signed in 2002- he won his first World Championship * New television commercial (TVC) launched in 2004- he won a gold medal at Athens Olympics- ââ¬Å"Stereotypes are meant to be brokenâ⬠What went wrong in this arrangement? Nike spent heavily on high-profile advertising campaigns centred on Beijing Olympics themes * It also invested a lot of money to design new sportswear and footwear for Liu and other athletes specifically for the Beijing Olympics * Liu was considered to be more valuable than Yao Ming (Chinese Basketball Team) as he was believed to have a higher chance of defending his title from Athens Olympics- so more money was spent on him * A couple of days before the event, Liu quit the race due to an Achilles injury after a false start by another athlete * This was believed to be a big blow to Nike as Liu was the cornerstone for their program What was the reaction to this? * Mixed emotions spread throughout China. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Liu Xiang or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of them were sympathetic while others were angry as the news that Liu was injured was kept in the dark till the last moment. * Online posts on a major Chinese portal even criticized Nike by saying that Nike forced Liu not to participate, as the odds in favour of Liu winning the race was unfavourable. Liu made a public apology and expressed his interest in the sport. His desire for victory is still burning in him and he will soon return back to the sport. What did Nike do? * The day after Liuââ¬â¢s withdrawal, Nike placed a full-page tweaked advertisement depicting Liuââ¬â¢s love of sport despite setbacks * Subsequently, a revised TVC was launched under the same theme- ââ¬Å"Love sport despite setbacksâ⬠What is expected to happen now? Although Liuââ¬â¢s existing contracts might not be terminated immediately, in order to avoid public backlash, his withdrawal might affect advertisersââ¬â¢ decisions on renewals. Questions that need to be answered: * Would Nikeâ⠬â¢s ââ¬Å"Love Sport despite Setbacksâ⬠tweaking strategy work? Yes, we think it will work. * Would Nike be able to turn Liuââ¬â¢s withdrawal from the Beijing Olympics into an opportunity to further boost its brand image? Yes, Nike might be able to turn this crisis into an opportunity to further boost its brand image if it continues with Liu. This will give it an edge over other sports gear-brands, which have contracts only with successful players and forget them once a better player comes into the picture. Nike can project itself as a partner to the player through thick and thin. This will help to make it a trusted brand. * What alternatives did Nike and other global brands have to minimise the losses from Liuââ¬â¢s withdrawal? 1. Nike and other global brands can still endorse Liu but reduce the amount spent on him. 2. Though Liu was injured, they can still keep Liu in their campaigns, making him support the upcoming champions in the sport. 3. By keeping Liu (though he was injured), Nike can prove to the customers that ââ¬ËNike is with them through thick and thinââ¬â¢. * Would Nike and the other sponsors drop Liu from their future campaigns? No, we think that they should not drop Liu from their campaign so soon but stick to the theme that they have adopted in this crisis. This is in keeping up with the spirit of sportsmanship never give up. Tough times do not last, but tough people do!
Monday, December 2, 2019
The Rise and Spread of Islam free essay sample
The rise of the religion of Islam can be traced to the seventh century. In its usual view Islam is often seen solely in terms of its origins in the barren peninsula of Arabia. It is true that Islam can be traced to the Arabian city of Mecca, where it was revealed to the Prophet Mohammad, during the years 610 to 632 AD. Prophet Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca in Arabia around 570 A. D. in the Qureshi tribe. Mohammed not only established a new religion, he would establish a complete new system of government, one that would eventually spread to every corner of the globe, usually through military conquest, especially in the years following Mohammedââ¬â¢s death. The rise of Islam is truly a religion revolution. Muhammad, an orphan from the merchant class of Mecca, was raised by his grandfather and uncle. He married a wealthy local widow and businesswoman named Khadija. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise and Spread of Islam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About 610, Muhammad experienced the first of a number of revelations that he believed came from the archangel Gabriel. In these revelations he was told that there is only one God, called Allah in Arabic. Although the peoples of the Arabian peninsula had already been exposed to monotheism through Jewish traders and Arabic converts to Christianity, Muhammads fervent proclamation of the existence of only one god angered the merchants of Mecca, who anticipated decreased profits from pilgrimages if the revelations of Muhammad were widely accepted. In 622, realizing that his life was in danger, Muhammad and his followers fled to the city of Yathrib (later called Medina), about 200 miles northwest of Mecca. Here Muhammad was allowed to freely exercise his role as prophet of the new faith, and the numbers of believers in the new religion grew. The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, called the hijrah, became the first year in the Muslim calendar. In Medina, Muhammad oversaw the daily lives of his followers, organizing them into a community of believers known as the umma. The well-being of the umma included programs concerning all aspects of life, from relief for widows and orphans to campaigns of military defense. In 629, Muhammad and his followers journeyed to Mecca to make a pilgrimage to the Kaaba, now incorporated as a shrine in the Islamic faith. The following year they returned as successful conquerors of the city, and in 632, they again participated in the hajj. In 632, Muhammad died without appointing a successor, an omission that would have a profound effect on the future of Islam. The Islamic state expanded very rapidly after the death of Muhammad through remarkable successes both at converting unbelievers to Islam and by military conquests of the Islamic communitys opponents. Expansion of the Islamic state was an understandable development, since Muhammad himself had successfully established the new faith through conversion and conquest of those who stood against him. Islam were soon established empires the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids, Ajuuraan, Adal andWarsangali in Somalia, Mughals in India and Safavids in Persia and Ottomans were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The people of the Islamic world created numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, hunters, mathematicians, doctors and philosophers, all of whom contributed to the Golden Age of Islam. The term Islam means submission, while the name Muslim, applied to the followers of Islam, means one who submits. Muhammad viewed his revelations as a completion of those of Judaism and Christianity and perceived himself not as a deity but as the last in a series of prophets of the one god, Allah. He considered Abraham, Moses, and Jesus also among the prophets of Allah. According to the teachings of Islam, the faithful must follow a set of regulations known as the Five Pillars. They include: Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Alms-giving, and The hajj. Islam was
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Free Essays on Theology
Iââ¬â¢m not sure which one is right but in my opinion I would say that God permits evil instead of willing it. If you say God wills evil then it seems he wants to cause evil and hurt, whereas permitting evil is used as an experience to learn from or a plan from God. I donââ¬â¢t think evil is simply random, chaotic or gratuitous. I believe sometimes thereââ¬â¢s a purpose to evil. God can use it to make us realize something, draw us near to him in difficult times. For example, in the recent WTC tragedy, many lives were taken and evil struck America particularly Washington D.C and New York. But after all this took place, there was an over pouring of love and unity among Americans like never before. Everyone was helping and donating for the cause, praying and attending ceremonies. This tragedy brought a lot of people together. Another example is the death of Jesus Christ. Though it was sad Jesus had to be crucified, his death is the key aspect to salvation and Christian ity. Christ redeems us from sin meaning we are sinners and only Jesus can forgive our sins and through him we receive salvation. We donââ¬â¢t realize what we have until itââ¬â¢s gone. We at times take things for granted and it gets taken away from us for a reason. Sometimes evil happenings are a wake up call or turning point in ones life. I have been through hardships whether it being a family member being ill, car accidents, and losing a friend. It gives you a perspective on life and makes you value whatââ¬â¢s really important in life. You have to appreciate and live life not taking things for granted. We ask why does God allow evil in the world and we have no answer but I feel things happen for a reason and God will only know why.... Free Essays on Theology Free Essays on Theology Iââ¬â¢m not sure which one is right but in my opinion I would say that God permits evil instead of willing it. If you say God wills evil then it seems he wants to cause evil and hurt, whereas permitting evil is used as an experience to learn from or a plan from God. I donââ¬â¢t think evil is simply random, chaotic or gratuitous. I believe sometimes thereââ¬â¢s a purpose to evil. God can use it to make us realize something, draw us near to him in difficult times. For example, in the recent WTC tragedy, many lives were taken and evil struck America particularly Washington D.C and New York. But after all this took place, there was an over pouring of love and unity among Americans like never before. Everyone was helping and donating for the cause, praying and attending ceremonies. This tragedy brought a lot of people together. Another example is the death of Jesus Christ. Though it was sad Jesus had to be crucified, his death is the key aspect to salvation and Christian ity. Christ redeems us from sin meaning we are sinners and only Jesus can forgive our sins and through him we receive salvation. We donââ¬â¢t realize what we have until itââ¬â¢s gone. We at times take things for granted and it gets taken away from us for a reason. Sometimes evil happenings are a wake up call or turning point in ones life. I have been through hardships whether it being a family member being ill, car accidents, and losing a friend. It gives you a perspective on life and makes you value whatââ¬â¢s really important in life. You have to appreciate and live life not taking things for granted. We ask why does God allow evil in the world and we have no answer but I feel things happen for a reason and God will only know why.... Free Essays on Theology Iââ¬â¢m not sure which one is right but in my opinion I would say that God permits evil instead of willing it. If you say God wills evil then it seems he wants to cause evil and hurt, whereas permitting evil is used as an experience to learn from or a plan from God. I donââ¬â¢t think evil is simply random, chaotic or gratuitous. I believe sometimes thereââ¬â¢s a purpose to evil. God can use it to make us realize something, draw us near to him in difficult times. For example, in the recent WTC tragedy, many lives were taken and evil struck America particularly Washington D.C and New York. But after all this took place, there was an over pouring of love and unity among Americans like never before. Everyone was helping and donating for the cause, praying and attending ceremonies. This tragedy brought a lot of people together. Another example is the death of Jesus Christ. Though it was sad Jesus had to be crucified, his death is the key aspect to salvation and Christian ity. Christ redeems us from sin meaning we are sinners and only Jesus can forgive our sins and through him we receive salvation. We donââ¬â¢t realize what we have until itââ¬â¢s gone. We at times take things for granted and it gets taken away from us for a reason. Sometimes evil happenings are a wake up call or turning point in ones life. I have been through hardships whether it being a family member being ill, car accidents, and losing a friend. It gives you a perspective on life and makes you value whatââ¬â¢s really important in life. You have to appreciate and live life not taking things for granted. We ask why does God allow evil in the world and we have no answer but I feel things happen for a reason and God will only know why....
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Virginia Military Institute (VMI) Admissions Data
Virginia Military Institute (VMI) Admissions Data The Virginia Military Institute is a selective school that accepts roughly half of applicants each year. See what makes it unique and what it takes to attend this college. About VMI Established in 1839, the Virginia Military Institute is the oldest public military college in the United States and one of the countrys six Senior Military Colleges (with The Citadel, NGCSU, Norwich University, Texas AM, and Virginia Tech). VMI is not for everyone, and students should be ready for a disciplined and demanding college environment (new cadets are called Rats). Unlike students at the U.S. military academies, students at the Virginia Military Institute are not required to serve in the armed forces after graduation. VMI ranks highly among public undergraduate institutions, and the schools engineering programs are particularly strong. In athletics, most teams of the VMI Keydets compete in the NCAA Division I Southern Conference. Will you get in if you apply? ââ¬â¹Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2017) Virginia Military Institute Acceptance Rate: 53à percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for VMITest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 560 / 640SAT Math: 540 / 640What these SAT numbers meanSouthern Conference SAT score comparisonTop Virginia colleges SAT comparisonACT Composite: 23 / 28ACT English: 22 / 28ACT Math: 23à / 27What these ACT numbers meanSouthern Conference ACT score comparisonTop Virginia colleges ACT comparison Enrollment (2017) Total Enrollment: 1,722à (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 88 percent male / 12 percent female100 percent Full-time Costs (2017ââ¬â18) Tuition and Fees: $18,214 (in-state); $43,902 (out-of-state)Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,236Other Expenses: $2,150Total Cost: $30,600 (in-state); $56,288 (out-of-state) Virginia Military Institute Financial Aid (2016ââ¬â17) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 89à percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 69 percentLoans: 76à percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $14,434Loans: $8,265 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Civil Engineering, Economics, History, International Relations, Mechanical Engineering, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 87à percentTransfer-out Rate: 20 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 63à percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 77à percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Football, Lacrosse, Rifle, Soccer, Baseball, Basketball, WrestlingWomens Sports: Rifle, Water Polo, Swimming, Track and Field, Soccer If You Like VMI, You May Also Like These Schools Old Dominion University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJames Madison University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of North Georgia: ProfileERAU - Daytona Beach: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCollege of William Mary: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNorth Carolina State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUS Naval Academy: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Virginia Military Institute Mission Statement mission statement from vmi.edu/about/ It is the mission of those at Virginia Military Institute to develop educated, honorable men and women, prepared for the varied work of civil life, imbued with love of learning, confident in the functions and attitudes of leadership, possessing a high sense of public service, advocates of the American democracy and free enterprise system, and ready as citizen-soldiers to defend their country in time of national peril. Data Source: National Center for Education Statistics
Thursday, November 21, 2019
What an IT do for business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
What an IT do for business - Research Paper Example Information technology is developing at a very great speed, particularly in the business world. Many firms are using the internet for various functions to enhance their production efficiency and augment their marketing strategies. However, key among these is the use of technology to increase the competitive advantage of firms. This paper analyzes how a company/business can use information technology to increase its competitive advantage. Introduction Internet has changed the structure of global markets and made it possible to hook up to other systems, people, and companies, without the restrictions of time and space. The dispersion of such a system is purposefully significant for economic development of every country. With the development and progression of the information and communication technology (ICT), competitive advantage plays a vital role in contemporary companies and businesses (Cicak, 2010). Information network comprises diverse types of software platforms and databases, which the companies use to increase effectiveness and augment their competitive advantage. These include venture-wide networks devised to administer all principal functions of the company provided for instance SAP, PeopleSoft, and JD Edwards among others. They also include more general-purpose database creations aimed at specific uses for instance the products provided by Oracle, Microsoft, and many others (Dewett & Jones, 2000). Ways in which information technology helps in generating competitive advantage The fundamental means for understanding the impact of information technology on companies is the value chain. This is the set of procedures harmonized to produce a certain product or service and offering it to the consumers. In almost all industries and companies, information networks carry out several separate but interrelated activities that affect the procedures like production, fabricating, advertising, selling or delivering products to customers. Modern industry is endeavori ng to reinforce relationships with clients, generate new revenue opportunities as well as lessen supply chain inadequacy. The directness of Internet networks ensures ultimate compatibility with other technologies and the volatility of internet-based information systems (Cicak, 2010). Because of advancements in information technology, buyers have easier access to information concerning products and providers, therefore boosting their bargaining power. In addition, internet networks tend to lessen variable costs and to generate considerably greater pressure for firms to engage in vicious price competition. Although internet affects the operational efficiency and strategic positioning in various ways, it also offers new opportunities for reinforcing or realizing strategic positioning (Cicak, 2010). Information efficiencies (INE) are the savings on cost and time that effect when Information Technology permits individual workers to carry out their present tasks at a higher stage, take on extra tasks, and enlarge their positions in the company because of progresses in the capability to collect and evaluate data. On the other hand, information synergies (INS) are the routine gains that outcome when Information Technology permits two or more persons or subunits to merge their resources, cooperate, and collaborate across function or subunit limitations (Dewett & Jones, 2000). Another way in which network technology helps to create competitive advantage is through differentiation. Information technology helps a company to differentiate itself through various aspects. These include pricing, product improvement, and shorter-time to market as well as customer service. Furthermore, information network can help a company offer customised products and services, therefore improving differentiation and competitive advantage. Supported by the Internetââ¬â¢s interactivity aspect, for instance registration form and E-mail, a company can easily gather customer information includ ing
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